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The Rothschilds - A Rational Overview
No discussion of Upper Class Billionaires would be complete without the Rothschilds. A family dynasty synonymous with wealth. But what is the true extent of this wealth? Just how powerful is this relatively secretive family? With various theories circulating on the Internet, can we reach a rational consensus? Part 1/6 - The Architect? Mayer Amschel is often cited as the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 1770, he married Guttle Schnapper. This boosted Mayer's wealth, as he received a generous dowry of 2,400 gulden from her father (who worked as a court agent). Mayer wouldn't forget this and, in his will, outlined strict, controversial provisions regarding Rothschild marriages. Mayer was concerned that the family's fortune would be diluted as it grew through marriages. As such, his will "barred female descendants from any direct inheritance" and, in effect, provided incentives for intermarriages. Four of his granddaughters married grandsons (first cousins), while one married her uncle. Now, is this really a tale of Started from the Bottom? Or, much like Drake, is there a rich Uncle involved? To answer that, we need to ask: who came before Mayer Amschel? Well, his father, Amschel Moses had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange. He was a personal supplier of collectable coins to the Prince of Hesse. We'll come back to that shortly... We know little about Mayer Amschel's grandparents and more remote ancestors. The family did previously use the name "Bauer" - in fact the name Rothschild didn't really stick until Mayer Amschel's generation came along. Benjamin Franklin once observed that in life only death and taxes are inevitable; they are also virtually the only things about which records survive for the earliest Rothschilds. The most we can say about the early Rothschilds is that they were relatively successful small businessmen dealing in, among other things, cloth. Five years before his death in 1585, Isak zum roten Schild had a taxable income of 2,700 gulden. A century later his great-grandson Kalman, a moneychanger who also dealt in wool and silk, had a taxable income more than twice as large. It seems that his son (Mayer Amschel's grandfather Moses) successfully developed his father's business, continuing the process of steady social ascent by marrying, successively, the daughters of a tax collector and of a doctor. With the help of relatives, Mayer Amschel secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer, at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover, in 1757, where he acquired useful knowledge in foreign trade and currency exchange, before returning to his brothers' business in Frankfurt in 1763. He became a dealer in rare coins and, just as his father had done previously, won the patronage of the Prince of Hesse. His coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of financial services to the Prince of Hesse. In 1769, Mayer Amschel gained the title of "Court Agent", managing the finances of the immensely wealthy Prince of Hesse who in 1785 became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and inherited one of the largest fortunes in Europe at the time. Part 2/6 - The Five Arrows The Rothschild coat-of-arms includes a fist clutching five arrows, a reference to Mayer's five sons. At the turn of the nineteenth century, Mayer sent his sons to establish banks in Frankfurt, Naples, Vienna, France, and London. The release of the "Five Arrows" symbolises strength through unity, and marks the beginning of the Rothschild's global banking dynasty. Part 3/6 - Nathan Mayer Napoleon was on the march through Europe, and William gave his fortune to Mayer Amschel to protect it from being seized by Napoleon. Mayer was able to hide the money by sending it to his son Nathan in London. The London Rothschild office had to spend it somewhere, and loaned it to the British Crown, in order to finance the British armies fighting Napoleon in Spain and Portugal in the Peninsular War. These savvy investments of William's money paid off handsomely, netting sufficient interest that their own wealth eventually exceeded that of their original nest-egg client (the nest-egg client who had inherited the largest fortune in Europe remember). This marked the birth of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Historian Niall Ferguson outlines the sheer scale of the Rothschild family's operations: "For most of the nineteenth century, N M Rothschild was part of the biggest bank in the world which dominated the international bond market. For a contemporary equivalent, one has to imagine a merger between Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, J P Morgan and probably Goldman Sachs too — as well, perhaps, as the International Monetary Fund, given the nineteen-century Rothschild's role in stabilizing the finances of numerous governments." Nathan pioneered the ingenious strategy of lending to governments during wartime. This tactic, used when Nathan funded Wellington's army in 1814, is the primary cause of the explosion in the family's wealth during what proved to be 150 years of nearly chronic warfare. Of course, the Rothschilds played no role in instigating said conflicts... Continual war in Europe created excellent opportunities to profit from smuggling scarce consumer goods past military blockades. Since the Rothschilds often financed both sides in a conflict and were known to have great political influence, the mere sight of the red shield on a leather pouch, a carriage, or a ship's flag was sufficient to insure that the messenger or his cargo could pass through check points in either direction. This immunity allowed them to deal in a thriving black market for cotton goods, yarn, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and indigo; and they moved freely through the borders of Germany, Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, England, and France. This government protection was one of those indirect benefits that generated commercial profits - of course they were also getting interest on the underlying government loans. Even the friendliest of biographers admit that, for more than two centuries, the House of Rothschild profited handsomely from wars and economic collapses, the very occasions on which others sustained the greatest losses. Part 4/6 - Nat The Rothschilds tend to keep tend to keep out of the limelight. One of the family’s grande dames said you should only appear in the newspapers on three occasions: hatch (aka birth), match (aka marriage) and dispatch (aka death). Therefore, this makes the odd flamboyant Rothschild stand out even more. One that springs to mind is Nat Rothschild (Jacob Rothschild's son) and ex Bullingdon Club member who in 2016 married former Page 3 model Loretta Basey. According to Forbes, Nat's net worth was $1 billion in 2012, but he lost his official billionaire status the next year. However,according to an article in the Observer in 2000, Nat's actual inheritance is hidden in a series of trusts in Switzerland and rumoured to be worth £40BN (i.e. $60 billion.) Part 5/6 - Ghislaine Maxwell? Alan Dershoiwtz, who once defended Jeffrey Epstein in court, writes: "My wife and I were introduced to Ghislaine Maxwell by Sir Evelyn and Lady Lynne de Rothschild..." Evelyn de Rothschild and his wife Lynn were introduced by none other than Henry Kissinger at the 1998 Bilderberg Group conference in Scotland. They married two years later, and were invited to spend their honeymoon at the White House by the Clintons. I have an idea! Let's type Rothschild into the WikiLeaks Hilary Clinton Email Archive. Nice. 69 results. Let's check out the intercourse between Hilary and Lynn. How about this one - Info For You on the 25th of September 2010? In that email chain, we have the following message from Hilary to Lynne. "Lynn, I was trying to reach you to tell you and Teddy that I asked Tony Blair to go to Israel as part of our full court press on keeping the Middle East negotiations going. He told me that he had a commitment in Aspen with you two and the conference, but after we talked, he decided to go and asked me to tell you. He is very sorry, obviously, but I'm grateful that he accepted my request. I hope you all understand and give him a raincheck...Let me know what penance I owe you. And please explain to Teddy. As ever, H" Part 6/6 - True Extent We come to the kicker: what is true extent of the Rothschild's wealth? Of course, it is impossible to pin down an exact number because of the level of diversification of their wealth and the secrecy with which the offshore infrastructure operates. After all, we know what happens to those that try to expose this shady world. Worryingly, Panama is only one of more than 90 financial secrecy jurisdictions around the world today, compared with just a dozen or so in the early 1970s. Together, as of 2015, they holdat least $24 trillion to $36 trillionin anonymous private financial wealth, most of which belong to the top 0.1 percent of the planet’s wealthiest. Of course, none of this offshore wealth belongs to the Rothschilds... In 2003, the Sunday Times identified Jacob Rothschild as the secret holder of the large stake in Yukos that was previously controlled by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the oil company's chairman. The size of this stake? £8 billion. In 2003, the pound dollar exchange rate was 1.63 - therefore the dollar value of the stake was around $13 billion. In 2017, Jacob's net worth was pegged at under one billion dollars. No comment... According to the Forbes List, the richest individual Rothschild is Benjamin de Rothschild, from the French branch of the family, with a net worth of $1.5BN. This is despite the fact that Benjamin presides over the Edmond de Rothschild Group, which manages over $175 billion in assets. In August 2019, de Rothschild's family bought out the group's public shareholders. But yes, of course Benjamin, supposedly the richest Rothschild, is worth 2/3 of Donald Trump. Speaking of Donald Trump... Trump at one time owned a quarter of Atlantic City’s casino market. However, Trump was heavily in debt, and he started missing bond payments on his — and Atlantic City’s — largest casino, the Taj Mahal, in 1990. Wilbur Ross, then an investment banker working for...you guessed it, Rothschild Inc., helped bondholders negotiate with Trump, whose finances were unraveling. The final deal reduced Trump’s ownership stake in the Taj but left him in charge, and bondholders were unhappy when Ross presented the plan. “Why did we make a deal with him?” one bondholder asked. Ross insisted that Trump was worth saving. “The Trump name is still very much an asset,” he said. In 2017, Ross became Secretary of Commerce. Remember folks: Presidents are selected... not elected. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wbIGFgxJd0
No discussion of Upper Class Billionaires would be complete without the Rothschilds. A family dynasty synonymous with wealth. But what is the true extent of this wealth? Just how powerful is this relatively secretive family? With various theories circulating on the Internet, can we reach a rational consensus? Part 1/6 - The Architect? Mayer Amschel is often cited as the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 1770, he married Guttle Schnapper. This boosted Mayer's wealth, as he received a generous dowry of 2,400 gulden from her father (who worked as a court agent). Mayer wouldn't forget this and, in his will, outlined strict, controversial provisions regarding Rothschild marriages. Mayer was concerned that the family's fortune would be diluted as it grew through marriages. As such, his will "barred female descendants from any direct inheritance" and, in effect, provided incentives for intermarriages. Four of his granddaughters married grandsons (first cousins), while one married her uncle. Now, is this really a tale of Started from the Bottom? Or, much like Drake, is there a rich Uncle involved? To answer that, we need to ask: who came before Mayer Amschel? Well, his father, Amschel Moses had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange. He was a personal supplier of collectable coins to the Prince of Hesse. We'll come back to that shortly... We know little about Mayer Amschel's grandparents and more remote ancestors. The family did previously use the name "Bauer" - in fact the name Rothschild didn't really stick until Mayer Amschel's generation came along. Benjamin Franklin once observed that in life only death and taxes are inevitable; they are also virtually the only things about which records survive for the earliest Rothschilds. The most we can say about the early Rothschilds is that they were relatively successful small businessmen dealing in, among other things, cloth. Five years before his death in 1585, Isak zum roten Schild had a taxable income of 2,700 gulden. A century later his great-grandson Kalman, a moneychanger who also dealt in wool and silk, had a taxable income more than twice as large. It seems that his son (Mayer Amschel's grandfather Moses) successfully developed his father's business, continuing the process of steady social ascent by marrying, successively, the daughters of a tax collector and of a doctor. With the help of relatives, Mayer Amschel secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer, at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover, in 1757, where he acquired useful knowledge in foreign trade and currency exchange, before returning to his brothers' business in Frankfurt in 1763. He became a dealer in rare coins and, just as his father had done previously, won the patronage of the Prince of Hesse. His coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of financial services to the Prince of Hesse. In 1769, Mayer Amschel gained the title of "Court Agent", managing the finances of the immensely wealthy Prince of Hesse who in 1785 became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and inherited one of the largest fortunes in Europe at the time. Part 2/6 - The Five Arrows The Rothschild coat-of-arms includes a fist clutching five arrows, a reference to Mayer's five sons. At the turn of the nineteenth century, Mayer sent his sons to establish banks in Frankfurt, Naples, Vienna, France, and London. The release of the "Five Arrows" symbolises strength through unity, and marks the beginning of the Rothschild's global banking dynasty. Part 3/6 - Nathan Mayer Napoleon was on the march through Europe, and William gave his fortune to Mayer Amschel to protect it from being seized by Napoleon. Mayer was able to hide the money by sending it to his son Nathan in London. The London Rothschild office had to spend it somewhere, and loaned it to the British Crown, in order to finance the British armies fighting Napoleon in Spain and Portugal in the Peninsular War. These savvy investments of William's money paid off handsomely, netting sufficient interest that their own wealth eventually exceeded that of their original nest-egg client (the nest-egg client who had inherited the largest fortune in Europe remember). This marked the birth of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Historian Niall Ferguson outlines the sheer scale of the Rothschild family's operations: "For most of the nineteenth century, N M Rothschild was part of the biggest bank in the world which dominated the international bond market. For a contemporary equivalent, one has to imagine a merger between Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, J P Morgan and probably Goldman Sachs too — as well, perhaps, as the International Monetary Fund, given the nineteen-century Rothschild's role in stabilizing the finances of numerous governments." Nathan pioneered the ingenious strategy of lending to governments during wartime. This tactic, used when Nathan funded Wellington's army in 1814, is the primary cause of the explosion in the family's wealth during what proved to be 150 years of nearly chronic warfare. Of course, the Rothschilds played no role in instigating said conflicts... Continual war in Europe created excellent opportunities to profit from smuggling scarce consumer goods past military blockades. Since the Rothschilds often financed both sides in a conflict and were known to have great political influence, the mere sight of the red shield on a leather pouch, a carriage, or a ship's flag was sufficient to insure that the messenger or his cargo could pass through check points in either direction. This immunity allowed them to deal in a thriving black market for cotton goods, yarn, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and indigo; and they moved freely through the borders of Germany, Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, England, and France. This government protection was one of those indirect benefits that generated commercial profits - of course they were also getting interest on the underlying government loans. Even the friendliest of biographers admit that, for more than two centuries, the House of Rothschild profited handsomely from wars and economic collapses, the very occasions on which others sustained the greatest losses. Part 4/6 - Nat The Rothschilds tend to keep tend to keep out of the limelight. One of the family’s grande dames said you should only appear in the newspapers on three occasions: hatch (aka birth), match (aka marriage) and dispatch (aka death). Therefore, this makes the odd flamboyant Rothschild stand out even more. One that springs to mind is Nat Rothschild (Jacob Rothschild's son) and ex Bullingdon Club member who in 2016 married former Page 3 model Loretta Basey. According to Forbes, Nat's net worth was $1 billion in 2012, but he lost his official billionaire status the next year. However,according to an article in the Observer in 2000, Nat's actual inheritance is hidden in a series of trusts in Switzerland and rumoured to be worth £40BN (i.e. $60 billion.) Part 5/6 - Ghislaine Maxwell? Alan Dershoiwtz, who once defended Jeffrey Epstein in court, writes: "My wife and I were introduced to Ghislaine Maxwell by Sir Evelyn and Lady Lynne de Rothschild..." Evelyn de Rothschild and his wife Lynn were introduced by none other than Henry Kissinger at the 1998 Bilderberg Group conference in Scotland. They married two years later, and were invited to spend their honeymoon at the White House by the Clintons. I have an idea! Let's type Rothschild into the WikiLeaks Hilary Clinton Email Archive. Nice. 69 results. Let's check out the intercourse between Hilary and Lynn. How about this one - Info For You on the 25th of September 2010? In that email chain, we have the following message from Hilary to Lynne. "Lynn, I was trying to reach you to tell you and Teddy that I asked Tony Blair to go to Israel as part of our full court press on keeping the Middle East negotiations going. He told me that he had a commitment in Aspen with you two and the conference, but after we talked, he decided to go and asked me to tell you. He is very sorry, obviously, but I'm grateful that he accepted my request. I hope you all understand and give him a raincheck...Let me know what penance I owe you. And please explain to Teddy. As ever, H" Part 6/6 - True Extent We come to the kicker: what is true extent of the Rothschild's wealth? Of course, it is impossible to pin down an exact number because of the level of diversification of their wealth and the secrecy with which the offshore infrastructure operates. After all, we know what happens to those that try to expose this shady world. Worryingly, Panama is only one of more than 90 financial secrecy jurisdictions around the world today, compared with just a dozen or so in the early 1970s. Together, as of 2015, they holdat least $24 trillion to $36 trillionin anonymous private financial wealth, most of which belong to the top 0.1 percent of the planet’s wealthiest. Of course, none of this offshore wealth belongs to the Rothschilds... In 2003, the Sunday Times identified Jacob Rothschild as the secret holder of the large stake in Yukos that was previously controlled by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the oil company's chairman. The size of this stake? £8 billion. In 2003, the pound dollar exchange rate was 1.63 - therefore the dollar value of the stake was around $13 billion. In 2017, Jacob's net worth was pegged at under one billion dollars. No comment... According to the Forbes List, the richest individual Rothschild is Benjamin de Rothschild, from the French branch of the family, with a net worth of $1.5BN. This is despite the fact that Benjamin presides over the Edmond de Rothschild Group, which manages over $175 billion in assets. In August 2019, de Rothschild's family bought out the group's public shareholders. But yes, of course Benjamin, supposedly the richest Rothschild, is worth 2/3 of Donald Trump. Speaking of Donald Trump... Trump at one time owned a quarter of Atlantic City’s casino market. However, Trump was heavily in debt, and he started missing bond payments on his — and Atlantic City’s — largest casino, the Taj Mahal, in 1990. Wilbur Ross, then an investment banker working for...you guessed it, Rothschild Inc., helped bondholders negotiate with Trump, whose finances were unraveling. The final deal reduced Trump’s ownership stake in the Taj but left him in charge, and bondholders were unhappy when Ross presented the plan. “Why did we make a deal with him?” one bondholder asked. Ross insisted that Trump was worth saving. “The Trump name is still very much an asset,” he said. In 2017, Ross became Secretary of Commerce. Remember folks: Presidents are selected... not elected. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wbIGFgxJd0
No discussion of Upper Class Billionaires would be complete without the Rothschilds. A family dynasty synonymous with wealth. But what is the true extent of this wealth? Just how powerful is this relatively secretive family? With various theories circulating on the Internet, can we reach a rational consensus? Part 1/6 - The Architect? Mayer Amschel is often cited as the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 1770, he married Guttle Schnapper. This boosted Mayer's wealth, as he received a generous dowry of 2,400 gulden from her father (who worked as a court agent). Mayer wouldn't forget this and, in his will, outlined strict, controversial provisions regarding Rothschild marriages. Mayer was concerned that the family's fortune would be diluted as it grew through marriages. As such, his will "barred female descendants from any direct inheritance" and, in effect, provided incentives for intermarriages. Four of his granddaughters married grandsons (first cousins), while one married her uncle. Now, is this really a tale of Started from the Bottom? Or, much like Drake, is there a rich Uncle involved? To answer that, we need to ask: who came before Mayer Amschel? Well, his father, Amschel Moses had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange. He was a personal supplier of collectable coins to the Prince of Hesse. We'll come back to that shortly... We know little about Mayer Amschel's grandparents and more remote ancestors. The family did previously use the name "Bauer" - in fact the name Rothschild didn't really stick until Mayer Amschel's generation came along. Benjamin Franklin once observed that in life only death and taxes are inevitable; they are also virtually the only things about which records survive for the earliest Rothschilds. The most we can say about the early Rothschilds is that they were relatively successful small businessmen dealing in, among other things, cloth. Five years before his death in 1585, Isak zum roten Schild had a taxable income of 2,700 gulden. A century later his great-grandson Kalman, a moneychanger who also dealt in wool and silk, had a taxable income more than twice as large. It seems that his son (Mayer Amschel's grandfather Moses) successfully developed his father's business, continuing the process of steady social ascent by marrying, successively, the daughters of a tax collector and of a doctor. With the help of relatives, Mayer Amschel secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer, at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover, in 1757, where he acquired useful knowledge in foreign trade and currency exchange, before returning to his brothers' business in Frankfurt in 1763. He became a dealer in rare coins and, just as his father had done previously, won the patronage of the Prince of Hesse. His coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of financial services to the Prince of Hesse. In 1769, Mayer Amschel gained the title of "Court Agent", managing the finances of the immensely wealthy Prince of Hesse who in 1785 became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and inherited one of the largest fortunes in Europe at the time. Part 2/6 - The Five Arrows The Rothschild coat-of-arms includes a fist clutching five arrows, a reference to Mayer's five sons. At the turn of the nineteenth century, Mayer sent his sons to establish banks in Frankfurt, Naples, Vienna, France, and London. The release of the "Five Arrows" symbolises strength through unity, and marks the beginning of the Rothschild's global banking dynasty. Part 3/6 - Nathan Mayer Napoleon was on the march through Europe, and William gave his fortune to Mayer Amschel to protect it from being seized by Napoleon. Mayer was able to hide the money by sending it to his son Nathan in London. The London Rothschild office had to spend it somewhere, and loaned it to the British Crown, in order to finance the British armies fighting Napoleon in Spain and Portugal in the Peninsular War. These savvy investments of William's money paid off handsomely, netting sufficient interest that their own wealth eventually exceeded that of their original nest-egg client (the nest-egg client who had inherited the largest fortune in Europe remember). This marked the birth of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Historian Niall Ferguson outlines the sheer scale of the Rothschild family's operations: "For most of the nineteenth century, N M Rothschild was part of the biggest bank in the world which dominated the international bond market. For a contemporary equivalent, one has to imagine a merger between Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, J P Morgan and probably Goldman Sachs too — as well, perhaps, as the International Monetary Fund, given the nineteen-century Rothschild's role in stabilizing the finances of numerous governments." Nathan pioneered the ingenious strategy of lending to governments during wartime. This tactic, used when Nathan funded Wellington's army in 1814, is the primary cause of the explosion in the family's wealth during what proved to be 150 years of nearly chronic warfare. Of course, the Rothschilds played no role in instigating said conflicts... Continual war in Europe created excellent opportunities to profit from smuggling scarce consumer goods past military blockades. Since the Rothschilds often financed both sides in a conflict and were known to have great political influence, the mere sight of the red shield on a leather pouch, a carriage, or a ship's flag was sufficient to insure that the messenger or his cargo could pass through check points in either direction. This immunity allowed them to deal in a thriving black market for cotton goods, yarn, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and indigo; and they moved freely through the borders of Germany, Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, England, and France. This government protection was one of those indirect benefits that generated commercial profits - of course they were also getting interest on the underlying government loans. Even the friendliest of biographers admit that, for more than two centuries, the House of Rothschild profited handsomely from wars and economic collapses, the very occasions on which others sustained the greatest losses. Part 4/6 - Nat The Rothschilds tend to keep tend to keep out of the limelight. One of the family’s grande dames said you should only appear in the newspapers on three occasions: hatch (aka birth), match (aka marriage) and dispatch (aka death). Therefore, this makes the odd flamboyant Rothschild stand out even more. One that springs to mind is Nat Rothschild (Jacob Rothschild's son) and ex Bullingdon Club member who in 2016 married former Page 3 model Loretta Basey. According to Forbes, Nat's net worth was $1 billion in 2012, but he lost his official billionaire status the next year. However,according to an article in the Observer in 2000, Nat's actual inheritance is hidden in a series of trusts in Switzerland and rumoured to be worth £40BN (i.e. $60 billion.) Part 5/6 - Ghislaine Maxwell? Alan Dershoiwtz, who once defended Jeffrey Epstein in court, writes: "My wife and I were introduced to Ghislaine Maxwell by Sir Evelyn and Lady Lynne de Rothschild..." Evelyn de Rothschild and his wife Lynn were introduced by none other than Henry Kissinger at the 1998 Bilderberg Group conference in Scotland. They married two years later, and were invited to spend their honeymoon at the White House by the Clintons. I have an idea! Let's type Rothschild into the WikiLeaks Hilary Clinton Email Archive. Nice. 69 results. Let's check out the intercourse between Hilary and Lynn. How about this one - Info For You on the 25th of September 2010? In that email chain, we have the following message from Hilary to Lynne. "Lynn, I was trying to reach you to tell you and Teddy that I asked Tony Blair to go to Israel as part of our full court press on keeping the Middle East negotiations going. He told me that he had a commitment in Aspen with you two and the conference, but after we talked, he decided to go and asked me to tell you. He is very sorry, obviously, but I'm grateful that he accepted my request. I hope you all understand and give him a raincheck...Let me know what penance I owe you. And please explain to Teddy. As ever, H" Part 6/6 - True Extent We come to the kicker: what is true extent of the Rothschild's wealth? Of course, it is impossible to pin down an exact number because of the level of diversification of their wealth and the secrecy with which the offshore infrastructure operates. After all, we know what happens to those that try to expose this shady world. Worryingly, Panama is only one of more than 90 financial secrecy jurisdictions around the world today, compared with just a dozen or so in the early 1970s. Together, as of 2015, they holdat least $24 trillion to $36 trillionin anonymous private financial wealth, most of which belong to the top 0.1 percent of the planet’s wealthiest. Of course, none of this offshore wealth belongs to the Rothschilds... In 2003, the Sunday Times identified Jacob Rothschild as the secret holder of the large stake in Yukos that was previously controlled by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the oil company's chairman. The size of this stake? £8 billion. In 2003, the pound dollar exchange rate was 1.63 - therefore the dollar value of the stake was around $13 billion. In 2017, Jacob's net worth was pegged at under one billion dollars. No comment... According to the Forbes List, the richest individual Rothschild is Benjamin de Rothschild, from the French branch of the family, with a net worth of $1.5BN. This is despite the fact that Benjamin presides over the Edmond de Rothschild Group, which manages over $175 billion in assets. In August 2019, de Rothschild's family bought out the group's public shareholders. But yes, of course Benjamin, supposedly the richest Rothschild, is worth 2/3 of Donald Trump. Speaking of Donald Trump... Trump at one time owned a quarter of Atlantic City’s casino market. However, Trump was heavily in debt, and he started missing bond payments on his — and Atlantic City’s — largest casino, the Taj Mahal, in 1990. Wilbur Ross, then an investment banker working for...you guessed it, Rothschild Inc., helped bondholders negotiate with Trump, whose finances were unraveling. The final deal reduced Trump’s ownership stake in the Taj but left him in charge, and bondholders were unhappy when Ross presented the plan. “Why did we make a deal with him?” one bondholder asked. Ross insisted that Trump was worth saving. “The Trump name is still very much an asset,” he said. In 2017, Ross became Secretary of Commerce. Remember folks: Presidents are selected... not elected. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wbIGFgxJd0
No discussion of Upper Class Billionaires would be complete without the Rothschilds. A family dynasty synonymous with wealth. But what is the true extent of this wealth? Just how powerful is this relatively secretive family? With various theories circulating on the Internet, can we reach a rational consensus? Part 1/6 - The Architect? Mayer Amschel is often cited as the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 1770, he married Guttle Schnapper. This boosted Mayer's wealth, as he received a generous dowry of 2,400 gulden from her father (who worked as a court agent). Mayer wouldn't forget this and, in his will, outlined strict, controversial provisions regarding Rothschild marriages. Mayer was concerned that the family's fortune would be diluted as it grew through marriages. As such, his will "barred female descendants from any direct inheritance" and, in effect, provided incentives for intermarriages. Four of his granddaughters married grandsons (first cousins), while one married her uncle. Now, is this really a tale of Started from the Bottom? Or, much like Drake, is there a rich Uncle involved? To answer that, we need to ask: who came before Mayer Amschel? Well, his father, Amschel Moses had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange. He was a personal supplier of collectable coins to the Prince of Hesse. We'll come back to that shortly... We know little about Mayer Amschel's grandparents and more remote ancestors. The family did previously use the name "Bauer" - in fact the name Rothschild didn't really stick until Mayer Amschel's generation came along. Benjamin Franklin once observed that in life only death and taxes are inevitable; they are also virtually the only things about which records survive for the earliest Rothschilds. The most we can say about the early Rothschilds is that they were relatively successful small businessmen dealing in, among other things, cloth. Five years before his death in 1585, Isak zum roten Schild had a taxable income of 2,700 gulden. A century later his great-grandson Kalman, a moneychanger who also dealt in wool and silk, had a taxable income more than twice as large. It seems that his son (Mayer Amschel's grandfather Moses) successfully developed his father's business, continuing the process of steady social ascent by marrying, successively, the daughters of a tax collector and of a doctor. With the help of relatives, Mayer Amschel secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer, at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover, in 1757, where he acquired useful knowledge in foreign trade and currency exchange, before returning to his brothers' business in Frankfurt in 1763. He became a dealer in rare coins and, just as his father had done previously, won the patronage of the Prince of Hesse. His coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of financial services to the Prince of Hesse. In 1769, Mayer Amschel gained the title of "Court Agent", managing the finances of the immensely wealthy Prince of Hesse who in 1785 became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and inherited one of the largest fortunes in Europe at the time. Part 2/6 - The Five Arrows The Rothschild coat-of-arms includes a fist clutching five arrows, a reference to Mayer's five sons. At the turn of the nineteenth century, Mayer sent his sons to establish banks in Frankfurt, Naples, Vienna, France, and London. The release of the "Five Arrows" symbolises strength through unity, and marks the beginning of the Rothschild's global banking dynasty. Part 3/6 - Nathan Mayer Napoleon was on the march through Europe, and William gave his fortune to Mayer Amschel to protect it from being seized by Napoleon. Mayer was able to hide the money by sending it to his son Nathan in London. The London Rothschild office had to spend it somewhere, and loaned it to the British Crown, in order to finance the British armies fighting Napoleon in Spain and Portugal in the Peninsular War. These savvy investments of William's money paid off handsomely, netting sufficient interest that their own wealth eventually exceeded that of their original nest-egg client (the nest-egg client who had inherited the largest fortune in Europe remember). This marked the birth of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Historian Niall Ferguson outlines the sheer scale of the Rothschild family's operations: "For most of the nineteenth century, N M Rothschild was part of the biggest bank in the world which dominated the international bond market. For a contemporary equivalent, one has to imagine a merger between Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, J P Morgan and probably Goldman Sachs too — as well, perhaps, as the International Monetary Fund, given the nineteen-century Rothschild's role in stabilizing the finances of numerous governments." Nathan pioneered the ingenious strategy of lending to governments during wartime. This tactic, used when Nathan funded Wellington's army in 1814, is the primary cause of the explosion in the family's wealth during what proved to be 150 years of nearly chronic warfare. Of course, the Rothschilds played no role in instigating said conflicts... Continual war in Europe created excellent opportunities to profit from smuggling scarce consumer goods past military blockades. Since the Rothschilds often financed both sides in a conflict and were known to have great political influence, the mere sight of the red shield on a leather pouch, a carriage, or a ship's flag was sufficient to insure that the messenger or his cargo could pass through check points in either direction. This immunity allowed them to deal in a thriving black market for cotton goods, yarn, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and indigo; and they moved freely through the borders of Germany, Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, England, and France. This government protection was one of those indirect benefits that generated commercial profits - of course they were also getting interest on the underlying government loans. Even the friendliest of biographers admit that, for more than two centuries, the House of Rothschild profited handsomely from wars and economic collapses, the very occasions on which others sustained the greatest losses. Part 4/6 - Nat The Rothschilds tend to keep tend to keep out of the limelight. One of the family’s grande dames said you should only appear in the newspapers on three occasions: hatch (aka birth), match (aka marriage) and dispatch (aka death). Therefore, this makes the odd flamboyant Rothschild stand out even more. One that springs to mind is Nat Rothschild (Jacob Rothschild's son) and ex Bullingdon Club member who in 2016 married former Page 3 model Loretta Basey. According to Forbes, Nat's net worth was $1 billion in 2012, but he lost his official billionaire status the next year. However,according to an article in the Observer in 2000, Nat's actual inheritance is hidden in a series of trusts in Switzerland and rumoured to be worth £40BN (i.e. $60 billion.) Part 5/6 - Ghislaine Maxwell? Alan Dershoiwtz, who once defended Jeffrey Epstein in court, writes: "My wife and I were introduced to Ghislaine Maxwell by Sir Evelyn and Lady Lynne de Rothschild..." Evelyn de Rothschild and his wife Lynn were introduced by none other than Henry Kissinger at the 1998 Bilderberg Group conference in Scotland. They married two years later, and were invited to spend their honeymoon at the White House by the Clintons. I have an idea! Let's type Rothschild into the WikiLeaks Hilary Clinton Email Archive. Nice. 69 results. Let's check out the intercourse between Hilary and Lynn. How about this one - Info For You on the 25th of September 2010? In that email chain, we have the following message from Hilary to Lynne. "Lynn, I was trying to reach you to tell you and Teddy that I asked Tony Blair to go to Israel as part of our full court press on keeping the Middle East negotiations going. He told me that he had a commitment in Aspen with you two and the conference, but after we talked, he decided to go and asked me to tell you. He is very sorry, obviously, but I'm grateful that he accepted my request. I hope you all understand and give him a raincheck...Let me know what penance I owe you. And please explain to Teddy. As ever, H" Part 6/6 - True Extent We come to the kicker: what is true extent of the Rothschild's wealth? Of course, it is impossible to pin down an exact number because of the level of diversification of their wealth and the secrecy with which the offshore infrastructure operates. After all, we know what happens to those that try to expose this shady world. Worryingly, Panama is only one of more than 90 financial secrecy jurisdictions around the world today, compared with just a dozen or so in the early 1970s. Together, as of 2015, they holdat least $24 trillion to $36 trillionin anonymous private financial wealth, most of which belong to the top 0.1 percent of the planet’s wealthiest. Of course, none of this offshore wealth belongs to the Rothschilds... In 2003, the Sunday Times identified Jacob Rothschild as the secret holder of the large stake in Yukos that was previously controlled by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the oil company's chairman. The size of this stake? £8 billion. In 2003, the pound dollar exchange rate was 1.63 - therefore the dollar value of the stake was around $13 billion. In 2017, Jacob's net worth was pegged at under one billion dollars. No comment... According to the Forbes List, the richest individual Rothschild is Benjamin de Rothschild, from the French branch of the family, with a net worth of $1.5BN. This is despite the fact that Benjamin presides over the Edmond de Rothschild Group, which manages over $175 billion in assets. In August 2019, de Rothschild's family bought out the group's public shareholders. But yes, of course Benjamin, supposedly the richest Rothschild, is worth 2/3 of Donald Trump. Speaking of Donald Trump... Trump at one time owned a quarter of Atlantic City’s casino market. However, Trump was heavily in debt, and he started missing bond payments on his — and Atlantic City’s — largest casino, the Taj Mahal, in 1990. Wilbur Ross, then an investment banker working for...you guessed it, Rothschild Inc., helped bondholders negotiate with Trump, whose finances were unraveling. The final deal reduced Trump’s ownership stake in the Taj but left him in charge, and bondholders were unhappy when Ross presented the plan. “Why did we make a deal with him?” one bondholder asked. Ross insisted that Trump was worth saving. “The Trump name is still very much an asset,” he said. In 2017, Ross became Secretary of Commerce. Remember folks: Presidents are selected... not elected. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wbIGFgxJd0
No discussion of Upper Class Billionaires would be complete without the Rothschilds. A family dynasty synonymous with wealth. But what is the true extent of this wealth? Just how powerful is this relatively secretive family? With various theories circulating on the Internet, can we reach a rational consensus? Part 1/6 - The Architect? Mayer Amschel is often cited as the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 1770, he married Guttle Schnapper. This boosted Mayer's wealth, as he received a generous dowry of 2,400 gulden from her father (who worked as a court agent). Mayer wouldn't forget this and, in his will, outlined strict, controversial provisions regarding Rothschild marriages. Mayer was concerned that the family's fortune would be diluted as it grew through marriages. As such, his will "barred female descendants from any direct inheritance" and, in effect, provided incentives for intermarriages. Four of his granddaughters married grandsons (first cousins), while one married her uncle. Now, is this really a tale of Started from the Bottom? Or, much like Drake, is there a rich Uncle involved? To answer that, we need to ask: who came before Mayer Amschel? Well, his father, Amschel Moses had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange. He was a personal supplier of collectable coins to the Prince of Hesse. We'll come back to that shortly... We know little about Mayer Amschel's grandparents and more remote ancestors. The family did previously use the name "Bauer" - in fact the name Rothschild didn't really stick until Mayer Amschel's generation came along. Benjamin Franklin once observed that in life only death and taxes are inevitable; they are also virtually the only things about which records survive for the earliest Rothschilds. The most we can say about the early Rothschilds is that they were relatively successful small businessmen dealing in, among other things, cloth. Five years before his death in 1585, Isak zum roten Schild had a taxable income of 2,700 gulden. A century later his great-grandson Kalman, a moneychanger who also dealt in wool and silk, had a taxable income more than twice as large. It seems that his son (Mayer Amschel's grandfather Moses) successfully developed his father's business, continuing the process of steady social ascent by marrying, successively, the daughters of a tax collector and of a doctor. With the help of relatives, Mayer Amschel secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer, at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover, in 1757, where he acquired useful knowledge in foreign trade and currency exchange, before returning to his brothers' business in Frankfurt in 1763. He became a dealer in rare coins and, just as his father had done previously, won the patronage of the Prince of Hesse. His coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of financial services to the Prince of Hesse. In 1769, Mayer Amschel gained the title of "Court Agent", managing the finances of the immensely wealthy Prince of Hesse who in 1785 became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and inherited one of the largest fortunes in Europe at the time. Part 2/6 - The Five Arrows The Rothschild coat-of-arms includes a fist clutching five arrows, a reference to Mayer's five sons. At the turn of the nineteenth century, Mayer sent his sons to establish banks in Frankfurt, Naples, Vienna, France, and London. The release of the "Five Arrows" symbolises strength through unity, and marks the beginning of the Rothschild's global banking dynasty. Part 3/6 - Nathan Mayer Napoleon was on the march through Europe, and William gave his fortune to Mayer Amschel to protect it from being seized by Napoleon. Mayer was able to hide the money by sending it to his son Nathan in London. The London Rothschild office had to spend it somewhere, and loaned it to the British Crown, in order to finance the British armies fighting Napoleon in Spain and Portugal in the Peninsular War. These savvy investments of William's money paid off handsomely, netting sufficient interest that their own wealth eventually exceeded that of their original nest-egg client (the nest-egg client who had inherited the largest fortune in Europe remember). This marked the birth of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Historian Niall Ferguson outlines the sheer scale of the Rothschild family's operations: "For most of the nineteenth century, N M Rothschild was part of the biggest bank in the world which dominated the international bond market. For a contemporary equivalent, one has to imagine a merger between Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, J P Morgan and probably Goldman Sachs too — as well, perhaps, as the International Monetary Fund, given the nineteen-century Rothschild's role in stabilizing the finances of numerous governments." Nathan pioneered the ingenious strategy of lending to governments during wartime. This tactic, used when Nathan funded Wellington's army in 1814, is the primary cause of the explosion in the family's wealth during what proved to be 150 years of nearly chronic warfare. Of course, the Rothschilds played no role in instigating said conflicts... Continual war in Europe created excellent opportunities to profit from smuggling scarce consumer goods past military blockades. Since the Rothschilds often financed both sides in a conflict and were known to have great political influence, the mere sight of the red shield on a leather pouch, a carriage, or a ship's flag was sufficient to insure that the messenger or his cargo could pass through check points in either direction. This immunity allowed them to deal in a thriving black market for cotton goods, yarn, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and indigo; and they moved freely through the borders of Germany, Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, England, and France. This government protection was one of those indirect benefits that generated commercial profits - of course they were also getting interest on the underlying government loans. Even the friendliest of biographers admit that, for more than two centuries, the House of Rothschild profited handsomely from wars and economic collapses, the very occasions on which others sustained the greatest losses. Part 4/6 - Nat The Rothschilds tend to keep tend to keep out of the limelight. One of the family’s grande dames said you should only appear in the newspapers on three occasions: hatch (aka birth), match (aka marriage) and dispatch (aka death). Therefore, this makes the odd flamboyant Rothschild stand out even more. One that springs to mind is Nat Rothschild (Jacob Rothschild's son) and ex Bullingdon Club member who in 2016 married former Page 3 model Loretta Basey. According to Forbes, Nat's net worth was $1 billion in 2012, but he lost his official billionaire status the next year. However,according to an article in the Observer in 2000, Nat's actual inheritance is hidden in a series of trusts in Switzerland and rumoured to be worth £40BN (i.e. $60 billion.) Part 5/6 - Ghislaine Maxwell? Alan Dershoiwtz, who once defended Jeffrey Epstein in court, writes: "My wife and I were introduced to Ghislaine Maxwell by Sir Evelyn and Lady Lynne de Rothschild..." Evelyn de Rothschild and his wife Lynn were introduced by none other than Henry Kissinger at the 1998 Bilderberg Group conference in Scotland. They married two years later, and were invited to spend their honeymoon at the White House by the Clintons. I have an idea! Let's type Rothschild into the WikiLeaks Hilary Clinton Email Archive. Nice. 69 results. Let's check out the intercourse between Hilary and Lynn. How about this one - Info For You on the 25th of September 2010? In that email chain, we have the following message from Hilary to Lynne. "Lynn, I was trying to reach you to tell you and Teddy that I asked Tony Blair to go to Israel as part of our full court press on keeping the Middle East negotiations going. He told me that he had a commitment in Aspen with you two and the conference, but after we talked, he decided to go and asked me to tell you. He is very sorry, obviously, but I'm grateful that he accepted my request. I hope you all understand and give him a raincheck...Let me know what penance I owe you. And please explain to Teddy. As ever, H" Part 6/6 - True Extent We come to the kicker: what is true extent of the Rothschild's wealth? Of course, it is impossible to pin down an exact number because of the level of diversification of their wealth and the secrecy with which the offshore infrastructure operates. After all, we know what happens to those that try to expose this shady world. Worryingly, Panama is only one of more than 90 financial secrecy jurisdictions around the world today, compared with just a dozen or so in the early 1970s. Together, as of 2015, they holdat least $24 trillion to $36 trillionin anonymous private financial wealth, most of which belong to the top 0.1 percent of the planet’s wealthiest. Of course, none of this offshore wealth belongs to the Rothschilds... In 2003, the Sunday Times identified Jacob Rothschild as the secret holder of the large stake in Yukos that was previously controlled by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the oil company's chairman. The size of this stake? £8 billion. In 2003, the pound dollar exchange rate was 1.63 - therefore the dollar value of the stake was around $13 billion. In 2017, Jacob's net worth was pegged at under one billion dollars. No comment... According to the Forbes List, the richest individual Rothschild is Benjamin de Rothschild, from the French branch of the family, with a net worth of $1.5BN. This is despite the fact that Benjamin presides over the Edmond de Rothschild Group, which manages over $175 billion in assets. In August 2019, de Rothschild's family bought out the group's public shareholders. But yes, of course Benjamin, supposedly the richest Rothschild, is worth 2/3 of Donald Trump. Speaking of Donald Trump... Trump at one time owned a quarter of Atlantic City’s casino market. However, Trump was heavily in debt, and he started missing bond payments on his — and Atlantic City’s — largest casino, the Taj Mahal, in 1990. Wilbur Ross, then an investment banker working for...you guessed it, Rothschild Inc., helped bondholders negotiate with Trump, whose finances were unraveling. The final deal reduced Trump’s ownership stake in the Taj but left him in charge, and bondholders were unhappy when Ross presented the plan. “Why did we make a deal with him?” one bondholder asked. Ross insisted that Trump was worth saving. “The Trump name is still very much an asset,” he said. In 2017, Ross became Secretary of Commerce. Remember folks: Presidents are selected... not elected. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wbIGFgxJd0
MAME 0.219 arrives today, just in time for the end of February! This month we’ve got another piece of Nintendo Game & Watch history – Pinball – as well as a quite a few TV games, including Dream Life Superstar, Designer’s World, Jenna Jameson’s Strip Poker, and Champiyon Pinball. The previously-added Care Bears and Piglet’s Special Day TV games are now working, as well as the big-endian version of the MIPS Magnum R4000. As always, the TV games vary enormously in quality, from enjoyable titles, to low-effort games based on licensed intellectual properties, to horrible bootlegs using blatantly copied assets. If music/rhythm misery is your thing, there’s even a particularly bad dance mat game in there. On the arcade side, there are fixes for a minor but long-standing graphical issue in Capcom’s genre-defining 1942, and also a fairly significant graphical regression in Seibu Kaihatsu’s Raiden Fighters. Speaking of Seibu Kaihatsu, our very own Angelo Salese significantly improved the experience in Good E-Jan, and speaking of graphics fixes, cam900 fixed some corner cases in Data East’s innovative, but little-known, shoot-’em-up Boogie Wings. Software list additions include the Commodore 64 INPUT 64 collection (courtesy of FakeShemp) and the Spanish ZX Spectrum Load’N’Run collection (added by ICEknight). New preliminary CPU cores and disassemblers include IBM ROMP, the NEC 78K family, Samsung KS0164 and SSD Corp’s Xavix 2. As always, you can get the source and 64-bit Windows binary packages from the download page.
MAME Testers Bugs Fixed
06790: [Graphics] (surpratk.cpp) suratk: Missing star field rotation effect in final level. (MetalliC)
07079: [Gameplay] (suna8.cpp) sparkman, sparkmana: Player 2 button inputs are not read correctly. (dink)
The Walking Dead: Battleground (JAKKS Pacific TV Game) [Sean Riddle, David Haywood]
The Walking Dead: Zombie Hunter (JAKKS Pacific TV Game) [Sean Riddle]
WinFun / KidConnection SmarTV Adventures [Sean Riddle, David Haywood]
New clones marked as NOT_WORKING
3 Cards Poker 96 (V1.0) [Ioannis Bampoulas]
Cherry Angel (set 2) [Ioannis Bampoulas]
Club Kart: European Session (2003, prototype, set 2) [coolmod, MetalliC]
Ferrari F355 Challenge (private show version) [coolmod]
Roland D-50 Linear Synthesizer (Ver. 1.xx) [DBWBP]
Roland D-550 Linear Synthesizer [DBWBP]
Sanyo MBC-16LT [rfka01]
Sirio II (Calfesa S.L. Spanish Moon Cresta bootleg, set 1) [Juan Romero, ClawGrip]
Time Crisis 4 (Japan, TSF1001-NA-A) [Guru]
Victor V286C [rfka01]
New working software list additions
altos8600: Altos Diagnostic Executive [Robbbert]
apple2_flop_clcracked: Algebra Volume 6 (Version 1.0) (cleanly cracked), Alkemstone (cleanly cracked), Building Perspective (cleanly cracked), The Dragon's Eye (cleanly cracked), Fraktured Faebles (cleanly cracked), Generic Computer Games (cleanly cracked), Gruds in Space (cleanly cracked), Other-Venture #3: The Escape from Traam (cleanly cracked), Pick The Part (cleanly cracked), Ulysses and the Golden Fleece (Version 1.1) (cleanly cracked), World Atlas Action: Geography Facts (cleanly cracked) [4am, Firehawke]
apple2_flop_orig: 221B Baker Street (Version 1.1), Adventure Programming Kit (Versoin 10.84), Alter Ego (female version), Alter Ego (male version), The Dallas Quest, The Dragon's Eye, Expedition Amazon, Garfield Trivia Game, Generic Computer Games, Legacy of the Ancients, Manhunter: New York (Version 1.0I), MasterType (Version 2.1), Micro Cookbook (Version 3.00), Miner 2049er II, Ming's Challenge, The Serpent's Star (Version 1.0), Spectrum: Programs and Patterns, Summer Games II, Time Zone (Version 1.1), The Tracer Sanction, Transylvania (1985 Version), Treasure Island, Tumble Bugs [4am, Firehawke]
applix: Boot disk [Robbbert]
aussiebyte: Boot disk [Robbbert]
buzztime_cart: Series 1 - Everything Trivia, Series 1 - History Trivia, Series 1 - Sports Trivia, Series 1 - TV Trivia [Sean Riddle, David Haywood]
c64_cass:
The CF Power Pack Tape 6, The CF Power Pack Tape 9, Dan Dare - Pilot of the Future, Excaliba, Postman Pat 2, Saracen [FakeShemp]
gamegear: Sonic The Hedgehog 2 (World, final prototype 19920925) [drx, FakeShemp]
hp86_rom: Advanced programming 1 ROM, Advanced programming 2 ROM, Assembler ROM, Extended Mass Storage ROM, I/O ROM, Language ROM, Matrix 1 ROM, Matrix 2 ROM, MIKSAM ROM, Printeplotter ROM [F.Ulivi]
ibm5150:
Magic Pockets [ArcadeShadow]
Domino 1.0 [FakeShemp]
ibm5170:
Cannon Fodder 2, Epic Pinball (shareware version - Mr. Disk release), Epic Pinball: Crash and Burn, Epic Pinball: Cyborgirl, Epic Pinball: Enigma [ArcadeShadow]
Tågplusguiden - Vinter–Våren 1998 [FakeShemp]
jakks_gamekey_nm: Pac-Man & Bosconian (01 APR 2005 A SKU G) [Sean Riddle, Ryan Holtz, David Haywood]
jazz: Windows NT Workstation Version 3.5, Windows NT Workstation Version 3.51, Windows NT Workstation Version 4.0 Service Pack 1 [Patrick Mackinlay]
lynx: Weltenschlächter [anonymous]
megadriv: Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (World, final prototype 19921102), Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (World, prototype 19931103) [drx, FakeShemp]
nes: English Pyramid (Pirate) [Gaming Alexandria]
odyssey2:
Death Race (Euro) [anonymous]
Death Race (USA) [SSJ, TeamEurope]
sbrain: Boot disk [Robbbert]
sdk85: Mastermind [AJR]
spectrum_cass:
Load'N'Run (Spain) (Especial) [Manu128k]
Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 00), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 01), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 02), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 03), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 04), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 05), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 06), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 07), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 08), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 09), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 10), Load'N'Run (Spain) (Issue 11), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 00), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 01), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 02), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 03), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 04), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 05), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 06), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 07), Load'N'Run 2ª época (Spain) (Issue 08) [SPA2, RetroLEL, Jander, ICEknight]
uzebox: Final Blood, Frog Feast, Laser Puzzle, Laser Puzzle II, Melli's RetroLand, Reels of Fortune, Uzebox Tactics, Uzi Wars [uzebox.org]
Software list items promoted to working
fmtowns_cd:
King's Quest V - Absence Makes the Heart Go Yonder, Kyuukyoku Tiger, Mixed-Up Mother Goose, Panzer Division - Kikou Shidan, Taito Chase H.Q. (Demo), The Case of the Cautious Condor [Barry Rodewald, Carl, r09]
Life & Death [redump.org, Barry Rodewald, Carl, r09]
How to Play your Casio ROM Keyboard (RO-251) [Sean Riddle, avlixa, ClawGrip]
World Songs (RO-551) [Sean Riddle]
fmtowns_cd: Doki Doki Vacation - Kirameku Kisetsu no Naka de, Para Para Paradise [redump.org, r09]
ique: Dòngwù Sēnlín (version 8), F-Zero X Wèilái Sàichē (manual, version 2), F-Zero X Wèilái Sàichē (manual, version 4), F-Zero X Wèilái Sàichē (trailer), F-Zero X Wèilái Sàichē (version 3), iQue Club (version 1), iQue Club (version 2), iQue Club (version 3), Mǎlìōu Kǎdīngchē (manual, version 2), Mǎlìōu Kǎdīngchē (manual, version 6), Mǎlìōu Kǎdīngchē (trailer), Mǎlìōu Kǎdīngchē (version 4), Mǎlìōu Kǎdīngchē (version 5), Mǎlìōu Yīshēng (manual, version 2), Mǎlìōu Yīshēng (manual, version 4), Mǎlìōu Yīshēng (trailer), Mǎlìōu Yīshēng (version 4), Rèntiāntáng Míngxīng Dà Luàn Dǒu (manual, version 1), Rèntiāntáng Míngxīng Dà Luàn Dǒu (version 5), Shuǐ Shàng Mótuō (manual, version 2), Shuǐ Shàng Mótuō (manual, version 4), Shuǐ Shàng Mótuō (trailer, version 1), Shuǐ Shàng Mótuō (trailer, version 2), Shuǐ Shàng Mótuō (version 4), Shén Yóu Mǎlìōu (manual, version 2), Shén Yóu Mǎlìōu (manual, version 6), Shén Yóu Mǎlìōu (trailer, version 1), Shén Yóu Mǎlìōu (trailer, version 2), Shén Yóu Mǎlìōu (version 4), Sàiěrdá Chuánshuō: Shíguāng zhī Dí (manual, version 2), Sàiěrdá Chuánshuō: Shíguāng zhī Dí (manual, version 4), Sàiěrdá Chuánshuō: Shíguāng zhī Dí (trailer), Sàiěrdá Chuánshuō: Shíguāng zhī Dí (version 1), Sàiěrdá Chuánshuō: Shíguāng zhī Dí (version 4) [FakeShemp]
leapster: The Disney-Pixar Collection (USA), Letterpillar (v1.0, USA) [TeamEurope]
mobigo_cart:
Ben 10 - UltimateAlien - Mine der Gedanken (Germany) (80-250604), Cars 2 (Germany) (80-251904), Chuggington (Germany) (80-251804), Cars Toon - Hooks unglaubliche Geschichten (Germany) (80-251204), Disney Princess (Germany) (80-251104), Dora - Tag des Zwillings (Germany) (80-250804), Für immer Shrek (Germany) (80-250004), Kung Fu Panda 2 (Germany) (80-252004), Micky Maus - Wunderhaus (Germany) (80-250504), Mobigo Kiosk (Germany), Die Pinguine aus Madagascar - Operation Krone (Germany) (80-250304), Rapunzel - Neu Verföhnt (Germany) (80-251704), Team Umizoomi - Die große Umiauto Rettung (Germany) (80-252504), Toy Story 3 (Germany) (80-250104) [TeamEurope]
Mickey Mouse, Tangled, Toy Story 3 [Sean Riddle]
n64: Aidyn Chronicles - The First Mage (USA, prototype 20000210), Aidyn Chronicles - The First Mage (USA, prototype 20000509), Cruis'n World (Europe), Die Hard 64 (prototype 20000315, set 1), Die Hard 64 (prototype 20000315, set 2), Die Hard 64 (prototype 20000315, set 3), Dragon Sword (prototype), Duke Nukem - Zero Hour (USA, final prototype), ECW Hardcore Revolution (Germany), Frogger 2 (USA, prototype, "Milestone 4"), GT64 - Championship Edition (prototype 19980525), International Superstar Soccer 2000 (USA, rev 1), Madden NFL 99 (USA, prototype 19980805, "Beta 10 NTSC"), Madden NFL 99 (USA, rev 1), Mario Kart 64 (USA, set 2), Mission: Impossible (Spain, rev 1), Mortal Kombat Trilogy (prototype 19960513), NBA Hangtime (USA, set 2), Robotech: Crystal Dreams (USA, prototype, earlier), SpaceStation Silicon Valley (USA, rev 1), Top Gear Hyper-Bike (prototype), Top Gear Rally (Asia), Top Gear Rally 2 (prototype 19990831), Turok 3 - Shadow of Oblivion (Europe, prototype 20000606), Wipeout 64 (prototype) [FakeShemp]
Barney: Barney Cares / Best Manners Show / Let's Work Together, Blue's Perfect Picnic Spot, Disney No Rumbly In Pooh's Tumbly, Disney Pooh Windy Day, Disney Princess: Jasmine / Mulan / Pocahontas, Disney Princess: The Little Mermaid / Snow White / Beauty and the Beast, Disney's Bambi / Lady and the Tramp / Peter Pan, Disney's Pinocchio / Disney/Pixar Toy Story 2 / The Jungle Book, Disney's The Lion King, Disney's The Little Mermaid, Disney/Pixar Cars / The Incredibles / Monsters Inc., Disney/Pixar Finding Nemo, Dora the Explorer: Dora's Garden Adventure / The Gingerbread Boy / Dora's Art Adventure, Dora's Garden Adventure, Noah's Ark, Petter Rabbit / Jemima Puddle-Duck / Tom Kitten, Scooby-Doo! Miniature Golf Mistery, Sesame Street: Elmo's Colorful Adventure / Grover Stays Up Very Very Late / Me Loves Cookies, Spongebob Squarepants Grand Price Winner!, Spongebob Squarepants Grand Price Winner! / Dora's Garden Adventure / Blue's Perfect Picnic Spot, Thomas & Friends: Cheer up Cranky! / The Big Race / Carnival Capers [Sean Riddle, ClawGrip] Cars (Germany), Das Dschungelbuch (Germany), Findet Nemo (Germany), Der König der Löwen (Germany), Peter Pan (Germany), Winnie Puuh - Ein stürmischer Tag (Germany), Winnie Puuh hat keinen Hunger (Germany) [TeamEurope]
sdk85: AP-29 Serial I/O Routines [AJR]
smarttv_cart: Amusement Park [Sean Riddle, David Haywood]
telestory_cart:
Dora the Explorer - En la feria ambulante / Dora va a la escuela (Spanish), Power Rangers Mystic Force - Code Busters / Whispering Voices (UK / USA?) [TeamEurope, David Haywood]
Cinderella - Cinderella / Beauties in Bloom (USA), Dora the Explorer - At the Carnival / Dora Goes to School (USA), The Lion King - The Lion King / The Lion King II - Simba's Pride (USA), SpongeBob SquarePants - Ice-Cream Dreams / Stop the Presses! (USA), Winnie the Pooh - Bounce Tigger Bounce / Pooh's Honey Tree (USA) [Sean Riddle, TeamEurope]
Thomas & Friends - Thomas Visits the Toy Shop / Thomas' Milkshake Mix [Sean Riddle, ClawGrip]
Source Changes
formats/wd177x_dsk.cpp: Allowed derived classes to override the format per track/head. [68bit]
formats/flex_dsk.cpp: Simplified code, and added support for variants with single-density initial tracks. [68bit]
formats/os9_dsk.cpp: Added support for variants with single-density initial track and base sector zero. [68bit]
floptool: Added OS9 disk format. [68bit]
bus/ss50: Added MFI, OS9 and UniFLEX formats to DC5 floppy drive controller. [68bit]
gimix.cpp updates: [68bit]
Connected interrupts, removed timed interrupt hack, and added two additional floppy drivers.
Added disassembly override for OS9 system calls.
Added OS9 Level 1 version 1.2 BIOS option.
tti.cpp: Made the two firmware revisions BIOS options. [AJR]
sdk85.cpp improvements: [AJR]
Made second 8355 into a ROM expansion slot that can load custom 8755 programs.
Added optional TTY interface.
Added vectored interrupt and soft reset buttons.
Improved accuracy of button labels and changed default key mappings.
jaguar: Eliminated unsafe raw memory pointer use from blitter (fixes several exceptions, including tempst2k). [AJR]
i8155.cpp: Made timer more efficient by not counting each cycle. [AJR]
bus/a2bus: Added 8251-based RS-232 serial interface described in BYTE magazine. [AJR]
Added disassemblers for NEC 78K/0, 78K/I, 78K/II and 78K/III microcontrollers. [AJR]
naomi.cpp: Made “Gun Sense” board used by hotd2 a separate device. [AJR]
wd_fdc.cpp updates: [AJR]
Predicate command completion interrupt on busy flag having been set.
Increased HLD idle timeout to fifteen revolutions for variants other than FD1771 and FD1781.
i8279.cpp updates: [AJR]
Removed timing hack, ensuring SL3 is output (required by Pied Piper Communicator 1).
Corrected keyboard scan rate and logging thereof.
goodejan.cpp updates: [Angelo Salese]
Corrected OKI M6295 pin 7 level to high (fixes voice pitches).
Added difficulty DIP switches
Converted to raw screen timing parameters.
toki.cpp: Converted screen refresh rate to raw timing parameters. [Angelo Salese]
ddenlovr.cpp: Added coin counters and corrected metadata for all games. [Angelo Salese]
subsino2.cpp: Fixed missing ron button. [Angelo Salese]
Synchronized with upstream GENie (addresses GitHub #6248). [Belegdol]
armedf.cpp updates: [cam900]
Converted to use single-pass priority drawing for sprites.
Fixed I/O writes for systems without NB1414M4.
Cleaned up code, memory maps, ROM loading and graphics decoding, and expanded comments.
twin16.cpp: Restrict sprite drawing to clipping rectangle. [cam900]
sound/vrc6.cpp, sound/ym2413.cpp: Changed descriptions to match chip markings/part numbers. [cam900]
sound/msm5205.cpp updates: [cam900]
Added support for MSM5205 10-bit DAC.
Derive timing and sample rate from input clock
Updated notes.
video/stvvdp1.cpp: Fixed Gouraud shading flag test. [cam900]
vgmplay.cpp: Fixed YMF262 register mapping and YMF278B volume. [cam900]
sound/ymf262.cpp: Added support for variants with different clock dividers. [cam900]
sound/ymf278b.cpp: Fixed FM output rate and clock divider, fixed mixing behavior, and expanded notes. [cam900]
1942.cpp: Fixed sprite priorities, implemented sprite line buffering, fixed logo on title screen, and improved interrupt timing. [Ryan Holtz, David Haywood, smf, O. Galibert]
machine/spg2xx_io.cpp: Added watchdog timer support and rudimentary SPI support. [Ryan Holtz]
No discussion of Upper Class Billionaires would be complete without the Rothschilds. A family dynasty synonymous with wealth. But what is the true extent of this wealth? Just how powerful is this relatively secretive family? With various theories circulating on the Internet, can we reach a rational consensus? Part 1/6 - The Architect? Mayer Amschel is often cited as the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 1770, he married Guttle Schnapper. This boosted Mayer's wealth, as he received a generous dowry of 2,400 gulden from her father (who worked as a court agent). Mayer wouldn't forget this and, in his will, outlined strict, controversial provisions regarding Rothschild marriages. Mayer was concerned that the family's fortune would be diluted as it grew through marriages. As such, his will "barred female descendants from any direct inheritance" and, in effect, provided incentives for intermarriages. Four of his granddaughters married grandsons (first cousins), while one married her uncle. Now, is this really a tale of Started from the Bottom? Or, much like Drake, is there a rich Uncle involved? To answer that, we need to ask: who came before Mayer Amschel? Well, his father, Amschel Moses had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange. He was a personal supplier of collectable coins to the Prince of Hesse. We'll come back to that shortly... We know little about Mayer Amschel's grandparents and more remote ancestors. The family did previously use the name "Bauer" - in fact the name Rothschild didn't really stick until Mayer Amschel's generation came along. Benjamin Franklin once observed that in life only death and taxes are inevitable; they are also virtually the only things about which records survive for the earliest Rothschilds. The most we can say about the early Rothschilds is that they were relatively successful small businessmen dealing in, among other things, cloth. Five years before his death in 1585, Isak zum roten Schild had a taxable income of 2,700 gulden. A century later his great-grandson Kalman, a moneychanger who also dealt in wool and silk, had a taxable income more than twice as large. It seems that his son (Mayer Amschel's grandfather Moses) successfully developed his father's business, continuing the process of steady social ascent by marrying, successively, the daughters of a tax collector and of a doctor. With the help of relatives, Mayer Amschel secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer, at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover, in 1757, where he acquired useful knowledge in foreign trade and currency exchange, before returning to his brothers' business in Frankfurt in 1763. He became a dealer in rare coins and, just as his father had done previously, won the patronage of the Prince of Hesse. His coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of financial services to the Prince of Hesse. In 1769, Mayer Amschel gained the title of "Court Agent", managing the finances of the immensely wealthy Prince of Hesse who in 1785 became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and inherited one of the largest fortunes in Europe at the time. Part 2/6 - The Five Arrows The Rothschild coat-of-arms includes a fist clutching five arrows, a reference to Mayer's five sons. At the turn of the nineteenth century, Mayer sent his sons to establish banks in Frankfurt, Naples, Vienna, France, and London. The release of the "Five Arrows" symbolises strength through unity, and marks the beginning of the Rothschild's global banking dynasty. Part 3/6 - Nathan Mayer Napoleon was on the march through Europe, and William gave his fortune to Mayer Amschel to protect it from being seized by Napoleon. Mayer was able to hide the money by sending it to his son Nathan in London. The London Rothschild office had to spend it somewhere, and loaned it to the British Crown, in order to finance the British armies fighting Napoleon in Spain and Portugal in the Peninsular War. These savvy investments of William's money paid off handsomely, netting sufficient interest that their own wealth eventually exceeded that of their original nest-egg client (the nest-egg client who had inherited the largest fortune in Europe remember). This marked the birth of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Historian Niall Ferguson outlines the sheer scale of the Rothschild family's operations: "For most of the nineteenth century, N M Rothschild was part of the biggest bank in the world which dominated the international bond market. For a contemporary equivalent, one has to imagine a merger between Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, J P Morgan and probably Goldman Sachs too — as well, perhaps, as the International Monetary Fund, given the nineteen-century Rothschild's role in stabilizing the finances of numerous governments." Nathan pioneered the ingenious strategy of lending to governments during wartime. This tactic, used when Nathan funded Wellington's army in 1814, is the primary cause of the explosion in the family's wealth during what proved to be 150 years of nearly chronic warfare. Of course, the Rothschilds played no role in instigating said conflicts... Continual war in Europe created excellent opportunities to profit from smuggling scarce consumer goods past military blockades. Since the Rothschilds often financed both sides in a conflict and were known to have great political influence, the mere sight of the red shield on a leather pouch, a carriage, or a ship's flag was sufficient to insure that the messenger or his cargo could pass through check points in either direction. This immunity allowed them to deal in a thriving black market for cotton goods, yarn, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and indigo; and they moved freely through the borders of Germany, Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, England, and France. This government protection was one of those indirect benefits that generated commercial profits - of course they were also getting interest on the underlying government loans. Even the friendliest of biographers admit that, for more than two centuries, the House of Rothschild profited handsomely from wars and economic collapses, the very occasions on which others sustained the greatest losses. Part 4/6 - Nat The Rothschilds tend to keep tend to keep out of the limelight. One of the family’s grande dames said you should only appear in the newspapers on three occasions: hatch (aka birth), match (aka marriage) and dispatch (aka death). Therefore, this makes the odd flamboyant Rothschild stand out even more. One that springs to mind is Nat Rothschild (Jacob Rothschild's son) and ex Bullingdon Club member who in 2016 married former Page 3 model Loretta Basey. According to Forbes, Nat's net worth was $1 billion in 2012, but he lost his official billionaire status the next year. However,according to an article in the Observer in 2000, Nat's actual inheritance is hidden in a series of trusts in Switzerland and rumoured to be worth £40BN (i.e. $60 billion.) Part 5/6 - Ghislaine Maxwell? Alan Dershoiwtz, who once defended Jeffrey Epstein in court, writes: "My wife and I were introduced to Ghislaine Maxwell by Sir Evelyn and Lady Lynne de Rothschild..." Evelyn de Rothschild and his wife Lynn were introduced by none other than Henry Kissinger at the 1998 Bilderberg Group conference in Scotland. They married two years later, and were invited to spend their honeymoon at the White House by the Clintons. I have an idea! Let's type Rothschild into the WikiLeaks Hilary Clinton Email Archive. Nice. 69 results. Let's check out the intercourse between Hilary and Lynn. How about this one - Info For You on the 25th of September 2010? In that email chain, we have the following message from Hilary to Lynne. "Lynn, I was trying to reach you to tell you and Teddy that I asked Tony Blair to go to Israel as part of our full court press on keeping the Middle East negotiations going. He told me that he had a commitment in Aspen with you two and the conference, but after we talked, he decided to go and asked me to tell you. He is very sorry, obviously, but I'm grateful that he accepted my request. I hope you all understand and give him a raincheck...Let me know what penance I owe you. And please explain to Teddy. As ever, H" Part 6/6 - True Extent We come to the kicker: what is true extent of the Rothschild's wealth? Of course, it is impossible to pin down an exact number because of the level of diversification of their wealth and the secrecy with which the offshore infrastructure operates. After all, we know what happens to those that try to expose this shady world. Worryingly, Panama is only one of more than 90 financial secrecy jurisdictions around the world today, compared with just a dozen or so in the early 1970s. Together, as of 2015, they holdat least $24 trillion to $36 trillionin anonymous private financial wealth, most of which belong to the top 0.1 percent of the planet’s wealthiest. Of course, none of this offshore wealth belongs to the Rothschilds... In 2003, the Sunday Times identified Jacob Rothschild as the secret holder of the large stake in Yukos that was previously controlled by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the oil company's chairman. The size of this stake? £8 billion. In 2003, the pound dollar exchange rate was 1.63 - therefore the dollar value of the stake was around $13 billion. In 2017, Jacob's net worth was pegged at under one billion dollars. No comment... According to the Forbes List, the richest individual Rothschild is Benjamin de Rothschild, from the French branch of the family, with a net worth of $1.5BN. This is despite the fact that Benjamin presides over the Edmond de Rothschild Group, which manages over $175 billion in assets. In August 2019, de Rothschild's family bought out the group's public shareholders. But yes, of course Benjamin, supposedly the richest Rothschild, is worth 2/3 of Donald Trump. Speaking of Donald Trump... Trump at one time owned a quarter of Atlantic City’s casino market. However, Trump was heavily in debt, and he started missing bond payments on his — and Atlantic City’s — largest casino, the Taj Mahal, in 1990. Wilbur Ross, then an investment banker working for...you guessed it, Rothschild Inc., helped bondholders negotiate with Trump, whose finances were unraveling. The final deal reduced Trump’s ownership stake in the Taj but left him in charge, and bondholders were unhappy when Ross presented the plan. “Why did we make a deal with him?” one bondholder asked. Ross insisted that Trump was worth saving. “The Trump name is still very much an asset,” he said. In 2017, Ross became Secretary of Commerce. Remember folks: Presidents are selected... not elected. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wbIGFgxJd0
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